The “V” has two sides; on left down and on right up.
On left:
- Requirements
- System design
- Architecture design
- Module design
- Coding
On right:
- Coding
- Unit testing
- Integration testing
- System testing
- Acceptance testing
V&V is in the following relationship:
- The steps on the right up validate the steps on the same level left e.g., Architecture design is validated by Integration tests
- Verification happens between each step e.g., System testing verifies Integration testing